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Demographic and Angiographic Characteristics in Premature Cases of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Session:
Sessão de Posters 50 - Doença coronária - diferenças demográficas
Speaker:
Joana Guimarães
Congress:
CPC 2024
Topic:
E. Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Acute Cardiac Care
Theme:
13. Acute Coronary Syndromes
Subtheme:
13.2 Acute Coronary Syndromes – Epidemiology, Prognosis, Outcome
Session Type:
Cartazes
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Joana Guimarães; Eric Monteiro; Diogo Fernandes; Gonçalo Costa; Lino Gonçalves
Abstract
<p>BACKGROUND: The incidence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) among younger individuals is on the rise. While previous studies have explored risk factors and coronary angiographic profiles in young versus old patients with ACS, few have specifically compared the angiographic profiles in young patients based on the type of acute coronary syndrome. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the variations in demographic and coronary angiographic profiles between young patients experiencing ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and those with non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina (UA).</p> <p> </p> <p>METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on individuals under the age of 40 diagnosed with ACS and who underwent coronary angiography at our centre from January 2017 to December 2023. The study compared coronary risk factor profiles and angiographic features between patients with STEMI and those with NSTEMI or UA.</p> <p> </p> <p>RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 98 patients, under the age of 40 years old, who underwent coronary angiography due to ACS. Mean age was 34.7 ± 5.3 years old and 84.7% were male. Of them, 56 (57,1%) exhibited STEMI and 41 (42,9%) exhibited NSTEMI/UA. The angiographic examination unveiled no difference in the prevalence of single-vessel disease between the STEMI and NSTEMI/UA groups (75.8% vs. 85.7%, respectively; p=0.376). Conversely, triple-vessel disease was more frequent in the NSTEMI/UA group compared to the STEMI group (9.5% vs. 3.0%, respectively; p=0.041). There was no difference in left anterior descending coronary artery involvement in the STEMI group compared to the NSTEMI/UA group (72.7% vs. 76.2%, respectively; p=0.777). Similarly, the left circumflex coronary artery and right coronary artery were equally implicated in the NSTEMI/UA group and in the STEMI group (19.0% vs. 21.2%; p=0.847 and 28.6% vs. 33.3%: p=0.713, respectively). It is noteworthy that a smoking history emerged as the most prominent coronary risk factor, exhibiting a prevalence as high as 62% in both groups.</p> <p> </p> <p>CONCLUSION: Upon comparing young patients with STEMI and NSTEMI/UA, our study indicated a higher prevalence of triple-vessel disease in the NSTEMI/UA group. No significant differences were observed regarding the most affected coronary artery between the two groups. The affected patients were predominantly male and exhibited a high prevalence of a smoking history. However, more extensive studies are necessary to establish specific associations between the presentation of acute coronary syndromes and angiographic profiles in young patients.</p>
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