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Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock: one-year outcomes from a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit led shock team program
Session:
Comunicações Orais - Sessão 04 - Choque cardiogénico
Speaker:
Ana Rita Bello
Congress:
CPC 2023
Topic:
E. Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndromes, Acute Cardiac Care
Theme:
14. Acute Cardiac Care
Subtheme:
14.4 Acute Cardiac Care – Cardiogenic Shock
Session Type:
Comunicações Orais
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Ana Rita Bello; João Presume; Daniel Gomes; Francisco Albuquerque; Pedro Lopes; Catarina Brízido; Christopher Strong; Jorge Ferreira; Helena Brandão; José Pedro Neves; António Tralhão
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><u>Background:</u></strong> Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used for severe cardiogenic shock (CS).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><u>Purpose:</u></strong> To describe the initial experience with peripheral VA-ECMO within a cardiac intensivist team led program. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><u>Methods:</u></strong> Retrospective analysis of a short-term MCS prospective registry, from 1 September 2021 to 1 December 2022. Clinical and device related variables were reviewed and reported. We assessed both patient outcomes as well as ECMO-related complications.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><u>Results:</u></strong> A total of 21 patients were included in this analysis (50 ± 13 years-old, 80% male), ranging from SCAI-C (n = 8) to E (n = 5) and with a median predicted mortality by SAVE score of -4 points [IQ -6 - 0] (corresponding to 30% in-hospital survival). All cannulations were done percutaneously, mostly by trained cardiac intensivists and while at the CICU (n = 12). A femoro-femoral configuration was used for all patients. One patient was cannulated at the referring hospital and retrieved to our unit for further care. Three patients were cannulated during intra-hospital cardiac arrest and one patient was cannulated while breathing spontaneously (awake-ECMO). Mean venous and arterial cannula sizes were 22 ± 1.9 Fr and 17 ± 1.6 Fr, respectively. A 7 French (Fr) arterial limb reperfusion cannula was used in 85% of cases. The most frequent etiology was acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (n = 7), followed by acute myocardial infarction related CS (n = 5), fulminant myocarditis (n = 2) and massive pulmonary thromboembolism (n = 2). A left ventricle venting device was used in 70% of patients [intra-aortic balloon pump (n = 10); percutaneous microaxial pump ( n = 2)] and upgrade to a veno-arterio-venous configuration was necessary in one patient due to differential hypoxemia. Mean ECMO-run duration was 8.4 ± 4.8 days while mean CICU length of stay was 22 ± 17.9 In-hospital mortality was 42%. In survivors, decannulation was surgical in all but one patient. The most frequent strategy was bridge to recovery (n = 14). One patient was bridged directly to heart transplant, one to a temporary centrifugal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and one to a durable magnetically levitated LVAD. Complications were common and included bleeding from cannula insertion sites (n = 19), renal replacement therapy requirement (n= 10), Harlequin syndrome (n = 2), cardiac tamponade (n = 2), intestinal ischemia (n = 3) and limb ischemia (n = 2).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><u>Conclusion:</u></strong><strong> </strong>VA-ECMO performed by cardiac intensivists is a feasible MCS strategy for severe cardiogenic shock patients in whom mortality, while high, was similar to large international published series. Further experience will allow for improvement in patient selection and minimization of device related complications. </span></span></p>
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