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High salt intake is a risk factor for Kidney Failure/Microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients
Session:
Posters (Sessão 3 - Écran 5) - Risco Cardiovascular 1 - Lípidos e Hipertensão Arterial
Speaker:
Ana Célia Sousa
Congress:
CPC 2022
Topic:
J. Preventive Cardiology
Theme:
28. Risk Factors and Prevention
Subtheme:
27.2 Hypertension – Epidemiology, Prognosis, Outcome
Session Type:
Pósters Electrónicos
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Ana Célia Sousa; Maria Isabel Mendonça; Carolina Barros; Helena Luís; Mariana Gomes; Carolina Morna; Diogo André; Eva Henriques; Mariana Rodrigues; Sónia Freitas; Sofia Borges; Marco Ferreira; Ilídio Ornelas; Roberto Palma Dos Reis
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Arterial hypertension (AHT) is one of the main causes of kidney failure (KF), and their coexistence increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Several studies have associated the excessive salt intake and a higher risk of developing kidney failure, although with unclear results.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Objective:</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> Evaluate the association between high salt intake and the development of Kidney Failure/Microalbuminuria in patients with AHT.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">A sample of 860 hypertensive patients (mean age of 51.4±8.0 years; 53.3% male) was subject to blood collection for biochemical tests and to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion measurement (related to salt intake). Two groups were constituted: 116 with Kidney Failure/Microalbuminuria (KF/Microalb) and 744 controls. Urinary sodium excretion values were distributed ??into quartiles and compared between the individuals with and without KF/Microalb. Several factors associated with the development of KF/Microalb were evaluated, namely age, gender, diabetes, control of AHT (controlled or not) and salt intake. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate which risk factors were independently and significantly associated with KF/Microalb. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> High salt intake (4<sup>th</sup> quartile) is associated with the onset of KF/Microalb (OR=2.048; 95%CI: 1.356-3.092; p=0.001) in hypertensive individuals. After multivariate analysis, diabetes (OR=2.713; 95%CI: 1.751-4.204; p<0.0001) and high salt intake (OR=1.685; 95%CI: 1.096-2.591; p=0.017) were independently and significantly associated with KF/Microalb in our population. Controlled AHT appeared as a protective variable with an OR of 0.438 (95%CI: 0.290-0.660; p<0.0001).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,"sans-serif""><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> High salt intake is significantly and independently associated with increased risk of KF/Microalb in hypertensive individuals. Lowering salt intake is an important strategy to be instituted in hypertensive patients, in order to delay the evolution to Kidney Failure.</span></span></span></p>
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