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Impact of a comprehensive phase II cardiac rehabilitation program on left ventricular function, cardiorespiratory fitness and lipid profile in cardiovascular patients
Session:
Posters - J. Preventive Cardiology
Speaker:
Rita Pinto
Congress:
CPC 2021
Topic:
J. Preventive Cardiology
Theme:
29. Rehabilitation and Sports Cardiology
Subtheme:
29.2 Cardiovascular Rehabilitation
Session Type:
Posters
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Rita Pinto; Inês Ricardo; Diogo Costa; Paula Sousa; Mariana Borges; Pedro Alves da Silva; Nelson Cunha; Sandra Miguel; Graça Araújo; Ana Luísa Correia; Carla Rodrigues; Mariana Cordeiro Ferreira; Fausto j. Pinto; Ana Abreu
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Introduction:</strong> A comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program is an effective strategy of secondary prevention consisting in interdisciplinary and multidimensional process with various components, emphasizing exercise training, behavioural change aimed at healthier lifestyle, risk factors control, sexual counselling and psychological factors intervention, with the main purpose of delaying the progression of the underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD). </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Purpose: </strong>To a<span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">ssess the impact of a comprehensive phase II CR program on left ventricular function, cardiorespiratory fitness and lipid profile in patients with CVD.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Methods: </strong>this observational and retrospective single-centre study was developed between June 2017 and February 2020 in a phase II CR program. The CR program consisted of 36 sessions of a combined exercise training regime (aerobic and strength training) and respiratory training, individually prescribed, 3xweek, 60 minutes per session, together with secondary preventive measures. Measures of left ventricular function (by echocardiogram), cardiorespiratory fitness (by cardiopulmonary exercise test on cycle ergometer) and lipid profile were taken at baseline and after completing 36 sessions. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Results:</strong> 205 CVD patients (62.6±11 years, 83.4% men, 82.3% ischemic disease) successfully completed the phase II CR program. Most patients had ischemic disease (82.3%) and 23.5% of patients had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Hypertension was the most prevalent (76%) cardiovascular risk factor, followed by dyslipidaemia (67.4%), active smoking (45.9%) and diabetes (26.9%). After completion of the CR program, there was a significant improvement on LVEF (48.3±13% to 52±11.6%, p = 0.001), a significant reduction on left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (140±81mL to 121±57mL, p=0.002) and LV end-systolic volume (80±75mL to 64±48mL, p=0.004). From lipid profile, HDL-cholesterol increased (44±11mg/dL to 47±11mg/dL, p=0.01). Regarding cardiorespiratory fitness, it was observed an increase in peak workload (107±43W to 126±51W, p<0.001), in VO2 peak (16.1±4.8ml/kg/min to 17.0±5.5ml/kg/min, p=0.018), predicted VO2 (64±17% to 67±17%, p=0.025) and respiratory exchange ratio (1.07± 0.9 to 1.15± 0.13, p<0.001).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this group of patients undertaking a phase II CR program, improvements on left ventricular function, cardiorespiratory fitness and HDL-cholesterol were observed. More efforts and strategies should be done to promote greater lipid profile improvement in CVD patients.</span></span></p>
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