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Synergism of sodium and water balance polymorphisms in the risk of onset of Essential Hypertension in individuals with lower salt intake
Session:
Posters 1 - Écran 7 - Hipertensão Arterial
Speaker:
Ana Célia Sousa
Congress:
CPC 2019
Topic:
I. Hypertension
Theme:
27. Hypertension
Subtheme:
27.2 Hypertension – Epidemiology, Prognosis, Outcome
Session Type:
Posters
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Ana Célia Sousa; Maria Isabel Mendonça; Sara Gouveia; Sofia Gonçalves; Teresa Goes; Stilyani Karamanou; Andreia Pereira; Mariana Rodrigues; Eva Henriques; Sónia Freitas; Ana Isabel; Ilídio Ornelas; Décio Pereira; Roberto Palma dos Reis
Abstract
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Salt sensitivity, described as an exaggerated pressor response to a saline diet, is associated with a higher risk of Essential Hypertension (EH). The mechanisms underlying salt sensitivity are complex and poorly understood. Genetic studies may help us understand this phenomenon. Polymorphisms that interfere with sodium and water balance at the kidney level have been described in the literature as being associated with an increased risk of EH. However it is not known if there are synergistic effects among them that induce a higher risk of salt-sensitive EH.</p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the synergism of <em>ADD1</em> G460W and <em>SNN1G</em> A173G polymorphisms in the risk of salt-sensitive EH.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>With a population of 1712 participants (860 with EH and 852 controls), we evaluated the renal sodium excretion in the 24-hour urine within the hypertensive group, which is related to sodium intake.</p> <p>We divided the renal sodium excretion values ??into tertiles, comparing the frequency of the studied polymorphisms in the 1st tertile (with lower sodium ingestion (minor SI, n=285) with the frequency of the same polymorphisms, in controls (n=285). We calculated the synergistic effect of these two genes in relation to the appearance of EH in individuals with higher and lower SI.</p> <p>Statistical Analysis: We used the chi-square test, statistical software SPSS version 19.0 and the significance level p <0.05.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> None of the genetic polymorphisms was associated with hypertension in the group of hypertensive patients with higher SI (3rd tertile) when compared to the control group. The 460WW genotype of alpha aducin was more frequent in the group of hypertensive individuals with less SI than in controls (OR 3.06, p=0.006). Genotype <em>SNN1G</em> 173GG was not associated with EH in this group.</p> <p>When we associate the two genetic variants in order to calculate the risk of having EH in individuals with lower SI, the risk of EH increases with an OR of 10.8 (p=0.0002).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In the group of individuals with higher SI, no polymorphism was associated with the occurrence of EH, nor was there a synergistic effect of the two studied polymorphisms in the onset of EH. However, in the group of those with low SI the <em>ADD1</em> 460WW polymorphism alone increased the risk of EH, which did not occur with <em>SNN1G</em> A173G. By combining these two polymorphisms the risk of EH increases (OR 10.8), leading us to conclude that salt-sensitive EH results not only from the effect of a single gene but from synergistic effects between genes.</p> <p> </p>
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