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The effects of chronic stress on the expression of molecules involved in the adrenergic and catecholaminergic pathways
Session:
Posters 5 - Écran 10 - Cardiologia Clínica/Miscelânia
Speaker:
Isabel Campos
Congress:
CPC 2018
Topic:
O. Basic Science
Theme:
36. Basic Science
Subtheme:
36.2 Basic Science - Cardiac Biology and Physiology
Session Type:
Posters
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Isabel Durães Campos; Sofia Neves; Fernanda Marques; Nuno Sousa; Vitor Hugo Pereira
Abstract
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The autonomous nervous system is a crucial component in physiological and pathological responses of the cardiovascular system. While dyslipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes and smoking are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), only recently the chronic psychological stress has been proposed as a risk factor. However, the pathways through which this association occurs are not understood and more research is needed to determine how stress contributes to CVD and how peripheral mediators act in specific regions of the heart.</p> <p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the impact of chronic stress on the genetic expression of molecules involved in the adrenergic and catecholaminergic pathways in the heart.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Adult male rats were randomly distributed in a control group and a group submitted to chronic unpredictable stress protocol (CUS). This protocol consists in presenting a random stressor (forced swimming, overcrowding, restraint and placement on a vibrating platform) once daily to the animals during 21 days. After this period all the animals were sacrificed and the left ventricle apex collected and dissected. The expression of neuropeptide Y (adrenergic neurons), acetylcholinesterase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (parasympathetic nervous system), cardiac β-AR (β<sub>2</sub>,β<sub>3</sub>), cardiac α-AR (α1<sub>A,B,D</sub>), M<sub>2</sub> ACh muscarinic receptors and cardiac G-protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK2 and GRK5) was quantified using real time-PCR.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of mRNA for acetylcholinesterase is significant lower at the left ventricle apex of the CUS group (x=0,716; SD=0,225) compared to control group (x=1,096; SD=0,412) (<em>p</em>=0,046), as the expression of mRNA for cardiac β2-AR is significant lower at the left ventricle apex of the CUS group (x=0,498; SD=0,183) compared to control group <em>(x</em>=0,965; SD=0,394) (<em>p</em>=0,028). There were no differences concerning the expression of the other mediators, including molecules specific of cardiac neurons. Continuous variables were expressed as means +/- SD and compared with the use of Student’s test.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Chronic stress promotes a downregulation of the sympathetic receptors and a decrease in the degradation of acetylcholine in the heart. This suggests an adaptation of the myocardium to the autonomic imbalance that occurs during chronic stress. In the future it is important to establish a chronological line for these alterations, if they persist after stress and if they may be associated with stress-related cardiovascular disorders. </p>
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