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Exploring correlation between adiposity and blood pressure and the impact of exercise in primary school children from São João da Madeira.
Session:
SESSÃO DE POSTERS 09 - OBESIDADE E HIPERTENSÃO: VELHOS CONHECIDOS, NOVAS FERRAMENTAS
Speaker:
Ana Guedes
Congress:
CPC 2025
Topic:
J. Preventive Cardiology
Theme:
28. Risk Factors and Prevention
Subtheme:
28.1 Risk Factors and Prevention – Epidemiology
Session Type:
Cartazes
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Ana Guedes; Margarida Pinho; Alice Coelho; Irene Guimarães; Rosa Cardoso; Lúcia Gomes; Miguel Costa; Carla Araújo; Rui Baptista
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity and high blood pressure are critical public health concerns, with elevated BP in children being a predictor of future cardiovascular disease. Schools have the potential to mitigate these health problems by implementing key prevention strategies. Regular physical activity, as recommended by the WHO (300 minutes/week), is key to improving cardiovascular health. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in São João da Madeira and to explore the correlation between adiposity and blood pressure and to study the impact of exercise on this correlation.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three primary schools in São João da Madeira, involving 114 children (age range 7–11 years, 56.1% females) participating in the ongoing GREAT (Target in promoting children's health: a research-driven school-based physical activity intervention) prospective cohort study. Anthropometric measures were assessed using bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure was measured following standardized protocols and fat mass was obtained by a validated equation for this age range. Physical activity levels, inside and outside school activities, were quantified. Correlations between fat mass, blood pressure, and activity levels were analyzed using statistical models.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated blood pressure decreased from 21.1% in 2022/2023 to 12.3% in 2023/2024. A significant correlation was found between adiposity and blood pressure (R² = 0.1531, p < 0.01), showing higher fat mass is associated with elevated blood pressure. Children with greater participation in structured physical activity experienced a measurable decrease in body fat percentage, reinforcing its inverse relationship with adiposity. Despite these improvements, 30.7% of participants (35 children) met at least one criteria for medical referral.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">CONCLUSIONS: The study shows an association between increased adiposity and elevated blood pressure and a inverse relationship between adiposity and structured physical activity, in primary school children. This</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> underscores the critical role of structured physical activity in reducing body fat and improving health indicators such as blood pressure in children. Schools are well placed to implement specific programs that promote increased physical activity to prevent long-term cardiovascular risks.</span></span></p>
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