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COULD CHATGPT BE A CARDIOLOGY RESIDENT IN PORTUGAL?
Session:
SESSÃO DE COMUNICAÇÕES ORAIS 15 - INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL EM CARDIOLOGIA: APROVEITAR O POTENCIAL!
Speaker:
Mafalda de Oliveira Griné
Congress:
CPC 2025
Topic:
P. Other
Theme:
37. Miscellanea
Subtheme:
---
Session Type:
Comunicações Orais
FP Number:
---
Authors:
Mafalda Griné; Gonçalo Ferraz-Costa; Rita Bertão Ventura; Inês Brito e Cruz; Bernardo Resende; Luísa Rocha; Tomás Carlos; Manuel Oliveira-Santos; Rogério Teixeira
Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:black">Introduction</span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:black">: Artificial intelligence-based tools, such as ChatGPT (OpenAI, United States of America) are increasingly being used for medical exam preparation and clinical decision support. We sought to evaluate ChatGPT's performance on <em>Prova Nacional de Acesso</em> (PNA) and determine whether it would be able to match into a Cardiology residency program.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:black">Methods: </span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:black">We submitted all questions from the 2019 to 2023 editions of the PNA to ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4o (version A order). A new chat window was created for each part of each exam. Performance was gauged against average exam scores and the score of the last candidate to match into Cardiology each year.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="background-color:white"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:black">Results: </span></span></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif">ChatGPT 4o <span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">correctly answered 638 out of 750 questions, reflecting an 85% accuracy rate, compared to a 71% accuracy rate by ChatGPT 3.5 (median 127 points (Interquartile Range (IQR): 122.5 – 134) for ChatGPT-4o and </span></span>median <span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">106 points [IQR: 99 - 114.5] for ChatGPT-3.5). ChatGPT 4o surpassed the median score for each exam edition, while ChatGPT 3.5 performed below the 50th percentile once (2022). Additionally, ChatGPT 4o ranked within the top 1% in two exam editions (2019 and 2023), achieving the highest score. </span></span>The minimum score required to match into Cardiology ranged between 97 and 115. ChatGPT 3.5 exceeded the matching threshold in 3 exam editions, while ChatGPT 4o could have matched into Cardiology every year.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif">Conclusion: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif">ChatGPT-4o demonstrated excellent performance on PNA, consistently outperforming its predecessor and the average exam participant, achieving high enough scores to secure a Cardiology residency spot every edition. </span></span></span></span></span></p>
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